(novos comportamentos) o papel do turista chinês ( e HK) (jovens)

out24

Chinese consumers have become more inclined to strategic spending in their luxury purchases, said market analyst Luca Deplano, emphasising quality and personal lifestyle as top priorities.

Deplano, director of Agility Research and Strategy, provided this insight at a breakfast talk by the France Macau Chamber of Commerce on Wednesday.

Speaking to Macau News Agency about the overall picture, Deplano said that better-off consumers, especially those on the Chinese mainland, had remained committed to their preferred luxury brands despite reports of a possible tightening of wallets.

“They are more discerning, so they’re still spending on brands they love,” the market analyst pointed out. “They’re still spending on experiences that they really enjoy.”

Citing his own data, he stressed that no significant lifestyle downgrading had been observed among affluent consumers.

“They are cutting out all the brands that are not that relevant or with whom they never really built a loyal connection in the past,” he added, stressing the importance of reinforcing brand loyalty in the current environment.

“We don’t really see consumers who are used to buying Louis Vuitton now buy Zara because they cannot afford it anymore,” Deplano illustrated further.

“We do actually see that they tend to mix and match more. Once they get accustomed to that kind of lifestyle, they will continue to keep that lifestyle.”

Moreover, in his eyes, Macau still remains appealing to high-end product seekers, as the city offers a wider selection of brands than they can find at home, he stressed.

“It’s such a part of the enjoyment and of the experience when they travel, that is a cultural thing more than anything,” said Deplano.

According to official data from the National Bureau of Statistics, retail sales rose by 3.2 percent year on year in September—up from the 2.1 percent growth the month before.

The figure stood at 2.7 percent in July. These levels contrast significantly with a reading of 10.1 recorded in November last year.

https://www.macaubusiness.com/big-spenders-more-focused-on-experiences-and-established-brand-devotion-analyst/

out24

Domestic travelers in China, including the Macau and Hong Kong SARs,are exhibiting a notable trend of reduced spending during the recent Golden Week holiday, despite the government’s various stimulus measures aimed at boosting the economy.

According to data from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, while the number of trips taken during the week increased by 10.2% compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019, overall spending rose only 7.9%. This discrepancy indicates a decline in per-trip expenditure of 2.1% from five years ago.

https://macaudailytimes.com.mo/domestic-travelers-spending-less-despite-stimulus-measures.htmlhttps://macaudailytimes.com.mo/domestic-travelers-spending-less-despite-stimulus-measures.html

jun24

The provision of new, immersive gaming experiences will be key in attracting younger demographics to land-based casinos, said industry veteran Ken Jolly on Wednesday. He was speaking during a panel session on player experience initiatives, part of the conference segment of the Global Gaming Expo (G2E) Asia 2024 trade show in Macau.

Mr Jolly (pictured centre), vice president and managing director for Asia at casino equipment supplier Light & Wonder Inc, suggested that offering themed areas and rooms could contribute to a more immersive play experience. According to the executive, casino operators in Macau were already moving in that direction.

Creating a “more immersive” environment and ensuring that gaming rooms offer a “much better atmosphere” could be areas of development to attract younger demographics into casino gaming, Mr Jolly suggested.

“Imagine a room with digital walls, activity happening around the room, and lighting effects when you win a jackpot… that is probably where we are heading,” he added.

Mr Jolly suggested that the introduction of crash-style games into the casino environment could also appeal to young players, as they were already familiar with playing this type of game for fun.

https://www.ggrasia.com/immersive-play-product-key-to-grab-young-players-suppliers/

may24

It is also helping drive a new, younger mass market audience. “Zero-dollar Macau visits” emerged last year as a major marketing tool targeting the younger generation on Chinese social media platforms, allowing people to travel to Macau’s resorts by way of concessionaires’ own shuttle buses, enjoying free snacks in the casino and then being shuttled back to mainland China afterwards.

“We were worried that gamblers were growing older, but it seems that is no longer a problem,” said operator U Hong Iao, insisting casinos in Macau are becoming “younger”, since such customers respond well to this kind of marketing approach.

“Free snacks and drinks are very attractive to young people, and strategies of getting these benefits are largely spreading on social media in mainland China, where a lot of young people have heard about it and come [to Macau].”

The packaging of these free snacks and drinks is carefully designed, and some casinos even provide free ice cream from famous brands such as Häagen- Dazs. Young visitors take photos of these free snacks and upload them to social media.

“As word spreads, these kinds of promotions become free advertisements for casinos,” U continued. “Not everyone who visits Macau’s casinos for free snacks and drinks is going to gamble, but it doesn’t matter. If 100 of them play, it is a win for the casino.”

However, the emergence of this new base of younger customers has not gone unnoticed by those in the Legislative Assembly, with Legislator José Maria Pereira Coutinho pointing out in April that “The generation of gamblers in mass markets in Macau has become younger, which might cause more young people to indulge in gambling.”

U also highlights concerns over attracting a young audience with no experience with gambling.

“Young people visit casinos for snacks and start to play because of the free nights in hotel rooms. Then it can all get out of control.

“It has happened before. If young people are not prepared and think they will win because they see others winning, they can easily become addicted to gambling.”

The president of the Macau Association for Responsible Gambling, Song Wai Kit, said, “Mass market promotions offered by casinos have led to the entry of some people who were never interested in gaming and have never entered casinos before.

“We find that many young people have visited casinos to get free snacks and uploaded their photos on the internet, but we don’t know whether they have participated in gaming or not. Many more young people have entered casinos indeed.

“It’s worth noting that this trend might cause an adverse effect, as fierce competition is inevitable in the current business. But we should not disregard this problem.”

https://www.asgam.com/index.php/2024/05/30/two-sides-of-the-same-coin/

may24

The post-pandemic resurgence in Chinese outbound travel is expected in 2024, with the most popular destinations in Asia including many countries and cities with developed gaming industries. However, a researcher warns that changing consumer behaviors among Chinese travelers could signify a reduction in gaming spending.

The recently released ‘Chinese Traveler Sentiment Report Spring 2024’, conducted by Dragon Trail, offers some insights into the evolving landscape of Chinese outbound travel.

As has been widely discussed, with the world gradually recovering from the pandemic’s grip, China’s outbound tourism market is witnessing a resurgence, albeit with notable transformations in traveler preferences and behavior.

The report, based on a survey of 1,015 mainland Chinese travelers conducted between March 6th and 19th, 2024, sheds light on various aspects of travel planning and preferences.

In 2024, the Chinese overseas tourism market is expected to reach around 80 percent of pre-COVID levels, with expectations for 130 million outbound trips.

Dragon Trail notably reveals a marked increase in Chinese travelers’ intention to venture abroad compared to the previous year. In 2024, approximately 63 percent of respondents either have already traveled or plan to travel outbound, a significant uptick from the previous year’s figures.

Some 18 percent of respondents revealed that they have already secured bookings for outbound trips, and another 40 percent plan to travel internationally, though without confirmed bookings.

https://agbrief.com/intel/deep-dive/07/05/2024/chinese-outbound-travel-rebound-continue-2024-lower-gaming-spending/?utm_source=Asia+Gaming+Brief&utm_campaign=672b16835a-AGB%3A+%2301894+Tuesday%2C+07th+May%2C+2024&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51950b5d21-672b16835a-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&ct=t%28AGB%3A+%2301894+Tuesday%2C+07th+May%2C+2024%29&goal=0_51950b5d21-672b16835a-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&mc_cid=672b16835a&mc_eid=31e20475e6

mar24

Demand was highest for Macao’s three-star hotels last month

Macao’s three-star hotels were the city’s fullest in February, with their collective monthly occupancy rate hitting 92 percent, data from the Macao Government Tourism Office (MGTO) shows. That was a 7.3 percent rise on February 2023’s figure. 

Five-star hotels saw the biggest year-on-year jump at 13.7 percent. They were 90.9 percent full last month, while four-star hotels were 82.4 percent full.

The overall occupancy rate for three-to-five star hotels was 89.7 percent, up from January’s 85.9 percent and 2023’s average of 85.2 percent.

February saw the second highest room rates in the past 12-month period (last December’s were the highest) and a significant year-on-year leap of 28.4 percent overall.

A five-star hotel room cost 1,732.3 patacas on average in February. For a four-star room, the average rate was 1,082.7 patacas. Three-star accommodation was just slightly cheaper, setting guests back 1,052.7 patacas on average.

The month saw a massive influx of travellers arrive in Macao, thanks to Lunar New Year celebrations. Of the 3,294,000 tourists who entered Macao, 43 percent of them spent at least one night in the city – a year-on-year increase of 69 percent.

https://macaonews.org/news/business/macau-three-star-hotels-occupancy-room-rate-macao-february-2024/

mar24

Celebrities and social media influencers are increasingly used by the gambling industry in a wide range of promotions, a strategy that has had a significant impact in the attitudes, risk perceptions, and consumption intentions of young gamblers, a recent research paper shows.

The statements are part of a study funded by the Australian Research Council and conducted by academics from Deakin, Wollongong, and Curtin universities.

‘While there is existing evidence suggesting that such marketing tactics can significantly shape young people’s attitudes towards various harmful products, including gambling, there remains a gap in understanding the specific impact of celebrity and SMI marketing on gambling behaviors,’ the research points out

To address this gap, a qualitative study involving 22 focus groups comprising 64 participants aged between 12 and 17 was conducted in Australia.

The aim was to explore young people’s exposure to celebrity and social media influencer (SMI) marketing for gambling and the perceived influence of this marketing on their attitudes towards gambling.

The influencer appeal

Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data, leading to the identification of four key themes.

‘Firstly, participants noted that celebrities and SMIs enhanced the appeal and recall of gambling advertisements due to their attention-grabbing nature and familiarity. Secondly, they believed that the involvement of celebrities and SMIs contributed to an increase in trust, legitimacy, and social acceptance of gambling activities,’ the research points out.

Thirdly, the use of celebrities and SMIs was perceived to lower the perceived risk associated with gambling among young people. Lastly, participants suggested measures to mitigate the impact of celebrity and SMI gambling promotions on young individuals, including implementing bans and restrictions.’

Young people perceived that the use of celebrities or SMIs in gambling advertisements made people pay more attention to the advertisement than they normally would.

‘Some young people discussed how seeing a familiar face would draw their attention and meant they would ‘actually listen to it’. Young people commented that an advertisement featuring a recognizable celebrity could be more appealing for other young people and that they might find it more entertaining to watch than a normal advertisement,’ the report ppionts out.

This was because it was attention-grabbing, made the advertisement more interesting, it was ‘cool’ to see a celebrity in an advertisement, and for one young person, it made them spend time trying to guess where they knew that person from. There was also a sense of familiarity with celebrities in gambling promotions’.

Participants in the study were able to provide a detailed description of the content of these advertisements, and some young people particularly noted that some of these advertisements would prompt people to gamble because of the celebrity involved.

https://agbrief.com/news/australia/11/03/2024/use-of-influencers-in-gambling-industry-advertising-with-significant-impact-in-young-players-risk-perception/

fev24

Visa scheme expansion to lure half million more visitors 

The mainland Chinese government announced last Friday that the Individual Visitor Scheme (IVS) will be expanded to include Qingdao and Xi’an. The policy will take effect from March 6th.

This is the first expansion of IVS cities since 2006, increasing the total number of IVS cities from 49 to 51.

According to Citigroup’s estimates, the two new cities could add an additional two percent to the Macau government’s 2024 visitation target of 17 percent.

‘Given the high flight frequency from Qingdao and Xi’an to Guangzhou and the rail connectivity between Baiyun Airport and Macau, we anticipate these two new IVS cities to have a pretty immediate positive impact on Macau’s visitation.’

In 2023, there were a total of 10.6 million Mainland Chinese visitors who entered Macau on IVS visas, equivalent to 2.42 percent of the total population of the 49 IVS cities.

Assuming the same percentage of the population of Qingdao and Xi’an will visit Macau because of the new IVS arrangement, Citigroup estimates that the two new cities will add an incremental 565,000 visitors to Macau on an annualized basis.

https://agbrief.com/news/macau/26/02/2024/visitor-mix-for-mainland-chinese-increased-for-first-time-since-2019-ubs/?utm_source=Asia+Gaming+Brief&utm_campaign=888b9961da-AGB%3A+%2301848+Tuesday%2C+27th+February%2C+2024&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51950b5d21-888b9961da-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&ct=t%28AGB%3A+%2301848+Tuesday%2C+27th+February%2C+2024%29&goal=0_51950b5d21-888b9961da-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&mc_cid=888b9961da&mc_eid=31e20475e6

fev24

Macau’s visitor arrivals soared by 104.7 percent year-on-year to 2.86 million last month, recovering to 83.5 percent of the level in the same month of 2019.

In the latest investment memo from UBS, analysts indicate that encouraging mainland Chinese visitors was associated with the fact that Macau is currently developing a new customer base through its events.

Assuming an 80-85 percent mass gross gaming revenue (GGR) mix in total GGR, UBS estimates that the mass GGR per visitor was stable on a month-on-month basis, at MOP5,400 ($670) to MOP5,700 ($707) per visitor, or 115 to 125 percent of the 2019 level.

According to the data released by the official statistics service, Macau’s January daily visitation is down 3 percent month-over-month, averaging 92,000 per day. ‘The month-over-month dip could be attributed to seasonal effects, with Chinese New Year (CNY) being in February.’

UBS also notes that visitor traffic from Hong Kong in January is down about 20 percent from December due to fewer public holidays. Nonetheless, the decrease was partly offset by the increase in mainland Chinese visitors, which are at 82 percent of the January 2019 level on a high base.

https://agbrief.com/news/macau/26/02/2024/visitor-mix-for-mainland-chinese-increased-for-first-time-since-2019-ubs/?utm_source=Asia+Gaming+Brief&utm_campaign=888b9961da-AGB%3A+%2301848+Tuesday%2C+27th+February%2C+2024&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51950b5d21-888b9961da-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&ct=t%28AGB%3A+%2301848+Tuesday%2C+27th+February%2C+2024%29&goal=0_51950b5d21-888b9961da-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&mc_cid=888b9961da&mc_eid=31e20475e6

fev24

Chief Executive Ho Iat Seng thanked the Central Government for expanding the cities covered by individual visa policies, noting that it will help boost Macau’s tourism sector.

On Friday the National Immigration Service announced that effective March 6, Xi’an City in Shaanxi Province and Qingdao City in Shandong Province will be integrated into the individual visa program, opening up new avenues for travelers from these cities to visit Hong Kong and Macau.

For local authorities, this measure is a ‘pivotal moment’ in visa policies to facilitate tourism between mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

https://www.macaubusiness.com/new-visa-policy-expands-tourism-opportunities-in-macau-ce/

fev24

Macao welcomed almost as many tourists as Hong Kong during the four-day Chinese New Year holiday.

According to official figures cited by Macau Post Daily, 703,098 people visited Macao between Lunar New Year’s Day (10 February) and the fourth day of the Lunar New Year (13 February). 

Meanwhile, Macao’s neighbouring SAR welcomed just 40,000 more visitors, according to Hong Kong media reports.

[See more: Year of the Dragon: Your 2024 predictions]

While Hong Kong has traditionally been the top tourist destination in the Pearl River Estuary, figures in recent years show that Macao is catching up fast, with the difference in the annual number of visitors shrinking from 16.6 million in pre-pandemic 2019 to just 5.7 million in 2023.

According to one projection, some 36 million people will visit Macao in 2024, exceeding Hong Kong’s 2023 total.

While today marks the end of the Lunar New Year public holidays in Macao, the festivities continue on the weekend, with fireworks on 16 February and a parade in the northern districts on 17 February.  

https://macaonews.org/news/business/macau-chinese-new-year-tourism-visitors-statistics-hong-kong-macao-2024/

jan24

Shanghai

Shanghai rose in 2023 to second spot behind Guangdong province, in the top-10 list of Macau’s source markets for mainland China tourists, according to GGRAsia’s review of data from Macau’s Statistics and Census Service.

In 2023, the mainland as a whole, supplied 67.5 percent, or just under 19.05 million, of Macau’s 2023 visitor tally of slightly over 28.21 million. In the pre-pandemic trading year of 2019, the mainland market overall sent just above 27.92 million, or 70.9 percent, of Macau’s total of nearly 39.41 million visitors.

Guangdong, the mainland province next door to Macau, continued its predominant role as a mainland source market for Macau in 2023, with just under 10.28 million, or 53.9 percent, of the mainland’s nearly 19.05 million.

In 2019, Guangdong had supplied just under 12.82 million, or 45.9 percent, of the mainland’s circa 27.92-million cohort.

https://www.ggrasia.com/shanghai-2nd-for-macaus-china-visitors-from-8th-in-2019/

jan24

TURISTA JOVEM

Macau’s hospitality sector has undergone notable changes since the reopening of the city in January last year, according to an industry expert.

Lou Chi Leong, the president of Macau Hoteliers & Innkeepers Association, points out a noticeable trend toward younger hotel guests over the past year. Families are increasingly extending their stays, while individual travelers have made a strong comeback. However, group bookings still lag behind pre-pandemic levels.

Lou Chi Leong informed the local newspaper Macao Daily that the number of visitors to Macau exceeded 28 million last year, marking a significant improvement but still falling ‘far short’ of the pre-pandemic figure of nearly 40 million.

Given the labor-intensive nature of the hospitality sector, Lou recalls that thousands of hotel rooms had to close due to a labor shortage. He now believes that, through increased recruitment efforts and the hiring of non-resident workers, the industry is better equipped to handle the growing demand from visitors.

https://agbrief.com/news/macau/09/01/2024/macau-hotels-host-more-younger-guests-in-post-covid-era-notes-industry-expert/?utm_source=Asia+Gaming+Brief&utm_campaign=07a84f893e-AGB%3A+%2301817+Wednesday%2C+10th+January%2C+2024&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51950b5d21-07a84f893e-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&ct=t%28AGB%3A+%2301817+Wednesday%2C+10th+January%2C+2024%29&goal=0_51950b5d21-07a84f893e-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D&mc_cid=07a84f893e&mc_eid=31e20475e6

======================SR 1 ano novas concessões

out23

Foram quase 20 milhões de turistas que estiveram em Macau entre janeiro e setembro deste ano, de acordo com a Direcção dos Serviços de Estatística e Censos (DSEC). Entre estes, cerca de 96 por cento veio da Grande China.

Os visitantes estrangeiros constituiram apenas 4,3 por cento do total (859.806). Quem vem de fora da Grande China, como já tinha sido dito pela Direcção dos Serviços de Turismo (DST), tarda a chegar ao que se atingiu em 2019, antes da pandemia. Nessa altura, Macau já tinha recebido 2.371.657 turistas estrangeiros – aproximadamente mais 1.511.800 pessoas. Posto isto, o volume de turismo externo em 2023 está apenas a 36 por cento do registado em 2019.

Porém, a razão pela qual o turismo ainda só está a 65 por cento dos números pré-pandémicos deve-se à dificuldade em trazer visitantes da Grande China. Até setembro, Macau recebeu 19.068.362 turistas oriundos da China continental, Hong Kong e Taiwan. Este número é apenas 69 por cento do valor registado no fim de setembro de 2019 – menos 8.763.000 turistas.

Hong Kong continua a ser a exceção à regra, estando muito perto de atingir os valores pré-pandémicos, já que se encontra a 96 por cento do registado em 2019. Nessa altura tinham chegado a Macau 5.560.117 turistas da região vizinha, ao passo que em 2023 foram 5.358.786 – menos 201.331.

https://www.plataformamedia.com/2023/10/27/hong-kong-regressa-em-forca/

out23

Starting from today (Wednesday), non-Chinese Macau residents are eligible for extended multiple-entry visas to mainland China, with the validity period for permanent residents being up to five years, while non-permanent residents may enjoy up to two years.

The announcement was made by the Commissioner’s Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Macau SAR .

According to the revised regulations, foreign professional employees can also apply for multiple visas valid for up to one year, with the period for foreign non-professional workers and domestic helpers being six months.

https://www.macaubusiness.com/mainland-china-relaxes-visa-policy-for-macau-based-foreigners/

out23

“Much better growth momentum” seen in the third quarter will in likelihood push 2023 expansion in China’s gross domestic product (GDP) to 5.2 percent, says UBS Securities Asia Ltd. That compares with a previous full-year forecast of 4.8 percent, said the institution in a recent report.

“Third-quarter growth momentum came in better than our previous expectation. Property sales were less bad in September and the first half of October … thanks to more policy easing since end-August,” stated the memo, with comment led by UBS’s Hong Kong-based head of Asia economics and chief China economist, Tao Wang.

Carlos Siu Lam, associate professor at the Centre for Gaming and Tourism Studies of Macao Polytechnic University, told GGRAsia that as China’s economic growth speeds up, people will in likelihood have more spending power when they travel, including trips made to Macau.

https://www.ggrasia.com/chinas-economic-rebound-likely-a-boon-for-macau-scholar/

ago23 GASTAM MENOS

An increase in the number of tourist arrivals saw total visitor spending in Macao, excluding gaming expenses, rise to 17.48 billion patacas in the second quarter of the year, up from 14.98 billion in the first quarter.

However, per capita spending showed an almost 15 percent decline from 3,027 patacas in the first three months of the year to 2,610 patacas in the second quarter, according to figures released by the Statistics and Census Service.

Overnight visitors spent considerably less – down to 4,251 patacas each in the second quarter from 4,677 in the first. Same-day visitors also reduced their average spending per head, from 1,141 patacas in the first quarter to 889 in the second.

[See more: Expensive flights deter foreign tourists]

The per-capita spending of visitors from mainland China – by far Macao’s biggest source market – fell sharply to 3,261 patacas in the second quarter, from 3,899 in the first, a decline of almost 18 percent. Spending by Hong Kong visitors, Macao’s second biggest market, decreased from 1,252 to 1,140 patacas per capita between quarters.

Local retailers lost out, with the average amount each visitor spends on shopping falling by more than 31 percent, from 1,744 patacas in the first quarter to 1,266 in the second. 

According to the government’s provisional figures, the territory recorded some 11.64 million visitors in the first half of the year. The total number of visitors in 2019 – the year before the Covid-19 pandemic struck – stood at 39.4 million.

https://macaonews.org/business/macau-macao-arrivals-visitor-expenditure-tourism-spending-2023/

  out23

Hong Kong was the source of more than five million visitors to Macao between January and September this year, illustrating its importance as the SAR’s second biggest tourism market.

That’s according to the director of the Macao Government Tourism Office (MGTO), who made the remarks at a weekend roadshow in Hong Kong.

Maria Helena de Senna Fernandes, who was recently reappointed for another two-year term, compared the figure to the 5.58 million Hong Kong visitors recorded in Macao in the first nine months of 2019 – the last year before strict travel restrictions were imposed as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

According to the latest official data, more than 17.5 million people came to Macao between January and August of this year.  

The vast majority of visitors are from mainland China and authorities have set a goal of diversifying Macao’s source markets to reduce dependency on domestic tourism.

Earlier this month, Senna Fernandes said that foreign visitors made up only five percent of the total, but she was confident the proportion would increase with improved international flights to Macao and shuttle bus services from Hong Kong.

https://macaonews.org/business/macau-hong-kong-tourism-macau/

out23

fforts to entice Chinese travelers back to Southeast Asian countries, including visa-free travel initiatives, have not yielded the expected results, posing a threat to the tourism-dependent economies of these nations and prompting some businesses to rethink their expansion strategies.

According to a report, Chinese tourist numbers declined in Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. In 2019, nearly 11 million Chinese tourists visited Thailand, constituting 27 percent of all foreign visitors. However, during the January to August period of 2023, their share has significantly declined to 12 percent.

The Thai government has decided to introduce visa exemptions for Chinese tourists, with plans for these exemptions to go into effect from September 25th. This move comes as a response to a noticeable drop in Chinese tourist arrivals during the first seven months of the year, a trend attributed to China’s economic slowdown and safety concerns.

During the September 25th to October 1st period, the number of Chinese tourists entering Thailand exceeded 100,000. This marked a significant increase of 72.49 percent compared to the previous week. However, the deadly shooting at a popular mall in Bangkok left a shadow over the country’s tourism recovery as the incident caused the death of one Chinese tourist who was visiting under the visa-free program.

https://agbrief.com/news/thailand/13/10/2023/southeast-asian-economies-struggle-as-chinese-tourists-stay-away/?utm_source=Asia+Gaming+Brief&utm_campaign=b5f9e853ca-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_5_19_2022_13_42_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51950b5d21-b5f9e853ca-69255637&ct=t(EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_5_19_2022_13_42_COPY_01)&goal=0_51950b5d21-b5f9e853ca-69255637&mc_cid=b5f9e853ca&mc_eid=31e20475e6